Monsoon health alert: Common rainy season infections and how to prevent them

The monsoon season in India, while bringing much-needed relief from the heat, also ushers in a rise in infections and illnesses due to increased humidity, waterlogging, and contamination. The warm and wet environment during the rains creates ideal conditions for the spread of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. From gastrointestinal upsets to vector-borne diseases, monsoon illnesses can range from mildly inconvenient to severely debilitating. Understanding how to safeguard your health during this season is essential for preventing common infections and maintaining well-being.
Common Monsoon Illnesses

Waterborne infections
Diarrheal diseases, cholera, typhoid, and hepatitis A and E are infections common during monsoons, due to the consumption of contaminated water or food. Stagnant water and poor sanitation are key contributors.

Vector-borne diseases
Mosquito-borne infections such as dengue, malaria, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis peak during the rains. Water accumulation in open containers and clogged drains become breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

Airborne diseases
The increased humidity and dampness promote the growth of fungi and mold, which can trigger asthma and allergies. Colds, flu, and other respiratory infections also spread more easily.

Skin infections
Fungal infections like athlete’s foot and ringworm increase due to constant wetness and sweat. Cuts and wounds are also more prone to infection during monsoons due to the prevalence of bacteria.

Leptospirosis
Walking barefoot in puddles or wading through floodwaters increases risk of leptospirosis, an infection caused by exposure to the urine of infected animals.

Preventing illnesses during monsoon is easy with the following tips:

• Always drink boiled or filtered water. Avoid street-side juices and ice, as these are likely made from unfiltered water.
• Eat freshly cooked, homemade food. Avoid raw salads, chutneys, and street food during the season.
• Use mosquito repellents, wear full-sleeved clothing, and ensure there is no stagnant water in or around your home.
• Bathe daily, dry feet thoroughly, and wear breathable footwear. Avoid walking barefoot in wet areas.
• Stay dry, carry rain gear, and change out of wet clothes immediately to prevent chills and viral infections.

Do’s and Don’ts:
Do’s:
Wash hands frequently with soap, especially before eating.
Keep nails trimmed and clean.
Use a disinfectant to clean floors and surfaces.
Drink plenty of clean water to stay hydrated.
Use a mosquito net or repellent while sleeping.

Don’ts:

Don’t let water stagnate in plant pots, coolers, or garbage bins.
Don’t consume raw or cut fruits sold in the open.
Don’t walk through floodwater unless you have no choice. Do ensure you dry off thoroughly if you must.
Don’t ignore persistent fever, diarrhea, or unexplained body aches—seek medical help early.
Don’t self-medicate for infections; get a doctor’s consultation.

With some vigilance and simple precautions, most monsoon-related illnesses are preventable. Prioritizing hygiene, eating safely, and staying dry can go a long way in protecting yourself and your family. If symptoms such as high fever, persistent vomiting, skin rashes, or fatigue occur, consult a healthcare provider promptly. Prevention, as always, is better than cure—especially when the rains are pouring.

Dr Vikram Vora, Medical Director, International SOS (India)